They Made History

“The Academy is a way out and up for a young man. Here he can acquire his first capital, get his foot on the first round. No capital is more valuable, more safe and more easily won. Everybody helps the earnest student, for some day he may help the world. The battle is to have the faith to make the start.”

– From “Some Features of the Academy at Beloit,” an 1890s-era brochure

Laurence Ousley had to put aside his education to support his family. In his will, he gave everything he had to the college. Credit: Beloit College ArchivesLaurence Ousley certainly had “the faith to make the start.” One of Beloit’s earliest African-American students, he entered the college’s preparatory department, the Beloit Academy, in 1890 and studied for three years in the Scientific Division, leaving just before graduating. But the “way out and up” proved to be a struggle, and he had to quell whatever ambitions he harbored about attending college and pursuing a career in order to support his family.

His parents were born in the South, before the Civil War. His mother, Mary Ann Connor, came to Beloit in the early 1870s and married William Ousley. They moved to Chicago, lived briefly in North Dakota, and after William died, Mary Ann brought her children—William Jr., Laurence, and Grace—back to Beloit, where she worked as a laundress. They lived near the college at 731 Church St., the only African-American family in the neighborhood, more than 30 years before industries brought a great migration of African-Americans to Beloit and other Midwestern cities. Determined to educate her children, Mary Ann gave them whatever opportunities she could afford, despite limited options.

Grace Ousley (1904) was the first African-American woman to graduate from Beloit College only nine years after the college opened its doors to women. Credit: Beloit College ArchivesAfter Laurence left the Beloit Academy, he worked as a laborer at the Fairbanks-Morse factory. In 1900, his sister, Grace, became the first African-American to graduate from Beloit High School. Laurence helped her through four years at Beloit College, where in 1904 she became its first African-American woman graduate, just nine years after the college embraced coeducation. She taught at an orphan school in Harvey, Ill., but returned home after she became ill. She died in 1908 at only 26. Beloit Academy principal and Church Street neighbor Almon Burr conducted the funeral services at the college chapel. An obituary in the Round Table said, “Since her graduation her one ambition had been to share her knowledge with the less fortunate members of her race.”

In 1905, Laurence replaced his brother, William, as janitor at the Beloit Public Library, a post he held until his death 38 years later. Laurence apparently made good use of his access to the book collection, according to an unpublished memoir by diplomat Robert C. Strong, class of 1931, and future ambassador to Iraq.

“The janitor of the Public Library was Lawrence Owsley [sic],” he wrote, “a graduate [sic] of Beloit College in the early 1900s. He lived a block down the street from us, the only black household in the city not situated along the railroad tracks. For a good many years in the wintertime he tended our coke-burning furnace early morning and mid-evening, and did many maintenance jobs for us … I had many conversations with Lawrence, who was able to converse intelligently on any subject in which I was interested. He told me that despite his college education he had never been able to find a better job, and that he had read every book in the library. That gave me my first understanding of racism, of how unfair people could be, which has troubled me ever since …”

The Beloit Daily News described Laurence as “a representative of a group of respected colored citizens … who earlier made a place for themselves in the community.” He was involved in the Bethel A.M.E. church and was a member of the “Chicago Elks lodge for colored men.” A 1920 clipping in his sadly too-sparse archives file mentions that he served as chairman at a Harding-Coolidge rally, where a speaker “urged his hearers to support the straight Republican ticket … for the reason … that this party has shown itself friendly to the negro’s cause.”

Laurence Ousley died on June 24, 1943. A few days later Beloit College received word that he’d left the college the family home on Church Street and his entire estate of $10,000, “the sum ‘to be used to assist needy colored students therein…’” The June 30 edition of the Beloit Daily News featured an editorial devoted to Laurence Ousley, which served as both a troubling commentary on the time and a moving tribute:

“We can learn something from Lawrence (sic) Ousley. This gentle colored man, who lived unassumingly and spent his life at work many people would think humble and unimportant, had a vision and a generosity far beyond the farsightedness of most of us … Whatever needed doing Lawrence Ousley did, quietly and inconspicuously. And all the while as he grew old in the community’s service, he thought large thoughts that no one knew about.”

Fred Burwell’86 is the college archivist. All images are taken from the Beloit College Archives.

The Ousley Legacy Lives On

Grace Ousley (1904) sits for a portrait with her classmates.

Grace and Laurence Ousley may have attended the college in its early days, but their story of perseverance lives on in Beloit’s academic programs, physical spaces, and giving programs.

In addition to a conference room named for the Ousleys in the South College building, Beloit established two new Honors Day prizes in 2017 named for the siblings. The Grace and Laurence Ousley Award, created and managed by the college’s Office of Academic Diversity and Inclusiveness, is awarded annually to two Beloit students from groups that are historically underrepresented in higher education, and who are dedicated to using their education to advance social justice—either on campus or in the city of Beloit. Faculty and staff nominate students for the awards, each of which comes with a $250 prize.

“The Ousley siblings dedicated their lives to the betterment of the Beloit community despite the racism and prejudice they faced,” said Nicole Truesdell’03, director of Beloit’s Office of Academic Diversity and Inclusiveness, when she announced the prizes earlier this year.

This fall, for the first time, Beloit will also host the Ousley Scholar-in-Residence. The program joins Beloit’s other prestigious academic residencies that bring scholars, artists, and performers to campus to work closely with students. The residency honors Grace Ousley by bringing early-career scholars, activists, organizers, and/or intellectuals to campus whose work demonstrates a commitment to the theory and practice of social justice. Inaugural scholar Moya Bailey is slated to be on campus at the end of September. An assistant professor of cultures, societies, and global studies and women’s, gender, and sexuality studies at Northeastern University, Bailey focuses on the use of digital media by marginalized groups to promote social justice as acts of self-affirmation and health promotion.

In 2012, the college also established a giving society to honor Laurence Ousley, a man of modest means who became one of the college’s most important benefactors. When Laurence Ousley died, he gave his entire life savings and his family home to Beloit College to support the advancement of minority students. The Laurence Ousley Circle recognizes people who give to Beloit College in the range of $10,000 to $24,999 annually. —Susan Kasten