Sociology 275                             Health, Medical Care and Society   

Beloit College                           Spring 2004            Prof. Marion Field Fass

 

Teaching Assistant: Marika Marland                  marikamarland@yahoo.com

 

Both disease and medical care are related to the structure of society.  The social organization of society influences to a significant degree the type and distribution of disease.  It also shapes the organized response to disease and illness- the medical care system.

            Health care in the US and around the world has changed dramatically in the last two decades.  We will try to understand these changes.

 

 

 

 

TEXTS:

Abraham, Laurie Kaye, Mama might be better off dead,  University of Chicago Press,  Chicago, 1993.  (Mama)

Freund, Peter E.S., McGuire, Meredith B., Podhurst, Linda S., Health, Illness and the Social Body: A Critical Sociology, Prentice Hall Publishers, Saddle River, NJ, 2003

Gawande, Atul, Complications: A SurgeonÕs Notes on an Imperfect Science, Picador, New York, 2002.

Videos from the series "Medicine at the Crossroads" after the book by Melvin Konner, MD. Penguin Books, 1994.

Whitman, Steven, Williams, Cynthia, and Shah, Ami M. Improving Community Health Survey: Catalyzing Public Policy to Improve Community Health , Sinai Health System, Chicago, 2004. Download from the web at http://www.sinai.org/urban/originalresearch/rwj/index.asp

 

 

Requirements:

            Attendance is required.  After 3 absences your grade will fall.

           

            First response: 5% Due Monday January 27 View Travis and write about how it reflects both the best and worst in American health care.

            Paper 1, Monday, February 16 15%  Use the readings and MAMA to write a paper about health inequalities.  Please focus upon a specific health problem.

            Paper 2, Wednesday, March 3 15% Cora Jackson Memorial Fund Grant application

            Paper 3 Friday, March 26 15%  paper on Gawande stories and the experience of ÒdoctoringÓ

            Paper 4  10%  Health insurance: personal perspectives

            Project and presentation:  15%

Final takehome exam: 15 %

            Class participation:  10%    and other random activities

           

 

Academic Honesty

All work that you submit should be your own.  If you work with others on an assignment, place the names of all of the participants on the assignment.  When you use written, video, World Wide Web, or other sources of information, please cite these sources in your work.  Please use a consistent and accepted reference style.  Plagiarism, the use of ideas, information, and text from other people without giving them appropriate credit, is a serious breach of ethics in the academic world.  When academic writers use the ideas of others, they generally paraphrase these ideas rather than quoting them verbatim.  Paraphrased text must be attributed to the original author, usually with a parenthetical citation followed by a complete bibliographic citation in a list of literature cited at the end of the document.  I expect that to follow this convention in all of your writing, including proposals, reports, and exams.  Oral presentations should also provide information on the sources of the ideas that they contain.  It is never appropriate to cut and paste information directly from web pages without crediting the source of the information.  It is always better to put information in your own words.  Please see the Beloit College Academic Dishonesty Policy (http://www.beloit.edu/~stuaff/acadplcy.html#acts) for information on our expectations of Beloit College students.   (This statement was developed by Professor Yaffa Grossman and modified by Marion Fass, 1/19/04.)

 

 

Tuesday, January 20

Intro to the course- How do Health and Health care differ?  How are they related?

How does the health care system contribute to health or ill-health?  How does the community contribute to health and ill health?

Discuss data from Margellos, Helen, Silva, Abigail, and Whitman, Steven  (2004) ÒComparison of Health Status Indicators in Chicago: Are Black-White Disparities Worsening? AJPH 94(1): 116-121.

 

For Wednesday, January 21

Read MAMA, Intro and Chapter 1

Read Mc Cord and Freeman, Excess Mortality in Harlem, NEJMed, 1990, 322:173-3 RESERVE

 

Wednesday, January 21

Race, inequality and health

 

Reading for Monday, January 26

MAMA, Chapters 2 and 3

 

For Monday, please turn in response to Travis video

Travis is the story of a little boy with HIV, but it is also a story of how we think about health and medical care in the United States.  The number of children born with HIV in the US is now very low, but the perspective on health and medical care persists.  Travis reflects the best and worst of health care system in America.  In 2 pages, please identify what you see as the best and worst of health care in America as reflected in the movie. Remember to think of health care broadly- and think about what problems money is spent on and what problems are ignored.

 

Reading for Wednesday, January 28

MAMA, Chapters 4 and 5

 

 
 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 


Friday, January 23

Video:  Travis

 

Monday, January 26

Discuss MAMA  2 and 3 and Mc Cord and Freeman article and Travis

 

 

Tuesday, January 27

Marion will lecture on an overview of the US health care system

 

Read  Kawachi, Ichiro, Bruce P Kennedy, Kimberly Lochner, and Deborah Prothrow-Stith, ÒSocial Capital, Income Inequality and Mortality,Ó  AJPH 87(9): 1491-1497, 1997.

And Marmot M. Inequalities in Health  N Engl J Med 2001; 345:134-136, Jul 12, 2001. 

RESERVE

 

Wednesday, January 28

Discuss Chapters 4 and 5 and Social Capital

Mama's health:  What factors are contributing to the health problems of Mama's family?  What solutions can you propose?

 

For Friday, January 30, Read HISB, Chapters 1 and 2

Friday, January 30

Who becomes sick, injured or dies?

 

For Monday, February 2 Diez-Roux, A.V. et al, "Prevalence and Social Correlates of Cardiovascular Disease Risk Factors in Harlem,"  AJPH  89(3): 302-7, 1999.  RESERVE

 

Diez- Roux A. V., Merkin S. S., Arnett D., Chambless L., Massing M., Nieto F. J., Sorlie P., Szklo M., Tyroler H. A., Watson R. L.Neighborhood of Residence and Incidence of Coronary Heart Disease N Engl J Med 2001; 345:99-106, Jul 12, 2001.  RESERVE

 

Monday February 2

Discuss articles

 

Tuesday, February 3, VIDEO, Temple of Science or Code of Silence

 

For Wednesday

HISB, Chapter 6 The Social Meanings of Sickness

 

Wednesday, February 4

Discuss Sick Role and the Social construction of Illness

MamaÕs sick role and the limitations of sociological models

Reflect on the impact of Economic factors on MamaÕs experience.

 

 

For Friday, February 6

Read Freund and McGuire, Chapter 7, The Illness Experience

and MAMA, Chapter 8  Who is Responsible for Tommy MarkhamÕs health

 

Friday, February 6

The illness experience; patienthood

 

For Monday, February  9

Think about-  Is MAMA still valid.  Given all the money you need, how would you determine if the picture of health and health care persists?

Write a brief plan.

 

Monday, Discuss strategies for assessment.

 

For Tuesday, Read Improving Community Health, Executive Summary through page 12 on the web at http://www.sinai.org/urban/originalresearch/rwj/index.asp

Tuesday Feb 10

Discuss the art and science of survey research

 

Read for Wednesday, February 11

And read MAMA Chapter 6 and Chapter 10 in Mama about Empty Promises

 

Wednesday February 11

ERs, poverty and judgments

 

Read Iglehart J. K.The Dilemma of Medicaid  N Engl J Med 2003; 348:2140-2148, May 22, 2003.

And Improving Community Health , Chapter on Access 

 

For Friday,  February 13

The dilemma of child health

 

Read for Monday February 15, Read Improving Community Health, Diabetes and Smoking

 

For Friday, February 20, Whitman et al Improving Community Health, Community health, p 18-33, through discussion of asthma
 
For Monday, Feb 23  Read Whitman et al Improving Community Health, Community health, Depression and Obesity, HIV/AIDS and Health Related Quality of Life  Reread Chapter in MAMA on Depression
Discuss depression and health
 
For Tuesday, Feb 24 discuss HIV in US.  Reference list for 2nd paper due


For Wednesday Feb 25 Read Mama, Chapters 9 and 11, 12
 and Read Fox, Renee and Judith P. Swazey, "Transplantation and the Medical Commons"  from Spare Parts:  Organ Replacement in American Society, pp 73-86, 1992 OR Delmonico F. L., Arnold R., Scheper-Hughes N., Siminoff L. A., Kahn J., Youngner S. J.(2002),Ethical Incentives - Not Payment - For Organ Donation,
N Engl J Med 2002; 346:2002-2005. on reserve
Discuss care of the ill and the commodification of organs, the commodification of health
 
Friday, Feb 27 Finish MAMA
 Monday, March 1,  Video on End of Life issues
For Tuesday, March 2, read Albom, Tuesdays with Morrie and Goodwin, James, Geriatrics and the Limits of Modern Medicine"
 
Tuesday March 2 and Wednesday, March 3  more on end of life issues
 
Call home and interview your parents about your family's health care coverage and their satisfaction with it over the last 10 years.
 
Friday, March 5, NO CLASS
 

For Monday, March 15

Read Gawande, A Queasy feeling, Crimson Tide and The Man Who couldnÕt Stop Eating. 

 

 

Monday

Discuss Medicalization

 

Tuesday, Video, Random cuts

 

For Wednesday, Read Gawande

The Computer and the Hernia Factory, Whose Body is it anyway? And The Pain Perplex.  And ABELSON, Reed and MELODY PETERSEN   An Operation to Ease Back Pain Bolsters the Bottom Line, Too  New York Times, (on line edition ) December 31, 2003   

 

Wednesday, March 17

Discuss surgery

 

 

Read HISB, Chapter 10 Modern Biomedicine: Knowledge and Practice

 

 

Friday, March 19

Doctors, Patients and Professional Dominance

 

 

Read:  Emanuel, Ezekiel and Dubler, Nancy Neveloff, Preserving the Physician Patient Relationship in the Era of Managed Care, JAMA 273(4): 323-329, 1995 RESERVE

Levinson, Wendy et al, Physician-Patient Communication:  The Relationship with Malpractice Claims among Primary Care Physicians and Surgeons, JAMA, 277(7):553-558, 1997. RESERVE

 

Monday March 22

Doctors and patients and professional dominance

 

Tuesday, March 23

More on doctor-patient relationships and health insurance

 

Read HISB, Chapter 9, The Social Construction of Medical Knowledge

 

Wednesday March 24

The social construction of medical knowledge

Reflections on Mama and Gawande

 

Friday, March 26

Menopause, medicines and medical knowledge

 

POLITICS, POWER, and THE HEALTH CARE SYSTEM

Monday, March 29-end

 

Visits:  Nurse, doctor, pharmacist, pharmaceutical rep, hospital administrator