Bio 201:Biological Issues:
Spring 2004
Emerging Diseases
MWF 10-12
Instructor:
Marion Field Fass
Room: Chamberlin 233 364-2784
email: fassm @ beloit.edu
Teaching
Assistant: Tawna Remley, remleyv@stu.beloit.edu
Texts:
D. Coggon
, Geoffrey Rose and DJP Barker , Epidemiology for the
Uninitiated 4th
edition,
on the web at http://bmj.com/epidem/epid.html
Garrett,
Laurie The Coming Plague: Newly Emerging Diseases in a World out of Balance Penguin Books, New York, 1994.
Walters,
Mark Jerome, Six Modern Plagues and How We Are Causing Them, Island
Press, Washington, DC, 2003.
WHO, World Health Report, 2003 http://www.who.int/whr/en
Please sign up for the Program for Monitoring Emerging Diseases
listserv at www.promedmail.org
If you
are really interested in HIV/AIDS, sign up for the Kaiser Daily AIDS report
at www.kaisernetwork.org
Microbiology
textbooks on reserve.
You
will need to read ONE OF THE FOLLOWING BOOKS or another EID book:
Camus, Albert, The Plague, New York, Alfred A. Knopf Publishers,
1948 (Available Vintage edition, 1991)
Quinn, Daniel, Ishmael,
New York, Bantam Books, 1995.
Rodney Barker , And the Waters Turned to Blood : The Ultimate Biological
Threat, 1998.
Miller, Judith et al, Germs: Biological Weapons and America's Secret
War -- by Judith Miller et al, 2001.
We will
be using the resources on the web regularly. If you are not comfortable doing
research on the web, please let me know.
Here are web sites that will be of use to you
Cells
alive www.cellsalive.com
Microbial
Literacy Collaborative www.microbelibrary.org
Institute
for Molecular Virology http://www.virology.wisc.edu/IMV/
Virtual
Museum of Bacteria www.bacteriamuseum.org
All
the Virology of the World Wide Web http://www.virology.net/garryfavweb.html
Centers
for Disease Control and Prevention www.cdc.gov
Program
for Monitoring of Emerging Diseases www.promedmail.org
Notices:
Academic honesty: What you learn in this class derives from
your efforts to understand the readings and to integrate and communicate your
ideas. There are many writing
assignments directed to this purpose.
ItÕs important as you prepare papers that you attempt as much as possible
to put concepts into your own words. Where it is necessary to use the words of others to succinctly
express a concept, or to demonstrate that your ideas are derived from an established
tradition of research and thinking, make sure to quote appropriately and to
reference correctly. I am less
concerned about the format of the citation than with its accuracy.
When citing documents on the Internet, please reference the exact page
your information comes from and the date you have visited that site.
Remember that anyone can post pages on the Internet, so please try
to verify their accuracy before you use them. The reference should be in the
form of a journal reference, with the web address added. You should similarly reference any tables or diagrams or photographs
that you use in your work.
Oral presentations should also be clearly and appropriately referenced.
Papers in which sections are copied from books or from web articles
are unacceptable and leave this instructor insulted and outraged. This practice should be avoided at all
costs. For more information on
the Beloit College Academic Honesty policy see (http://www.beloit.edu/~stuaff/acadplcy.html#acts)
Students
with Disabilities:
If
you have a physical, psychiatric or learning disabilities and require accommodations,
please let me know early in the semester so that your learning needs may be
appropriately met. You will need
to provide documentation of your disability to Teresa Leopold in the Dean
of Students Office, 2nd floor Pearsons Hall.
Requirements:
Attendance is required. If
you miss more than 3 classes, your grade will drop 1/2 level for each additional
missed class.
Assignment |
Points |
Due
date |
| 1)
The Web is Your Microscope/scale |
25 |
Due
Friday, January 30 |
| 2)
Handwashing |
25 |
|
| 3)
Gram staining bacteria |
25 |
Due
Friday, February 9 |
| 4)
Kochs postulates and Yogurt |
50 |
Due
Friday, February 18 |
| 5)
Indicators of health/ UNICEF data |
50 |
Due
Wed. Feb 27 |
| 6)
Midterm exam, Wednesday March 3 |
100 |
|
| 7) Bacterial
transformation lab |
25 |
Due
March 26 |
| 8) Bacterial
metabolism |
25 |
report
due April 19 |
| 9)
Surveillance presentation: |
25 |
Dates will vary |
| 10)
PROJECT |
100 |
|
| 11)
Book paper: |
50 |
Due
May 1 |
| 12)
TB lab write-up. |
50 |
April
19 |
| 13)
Final exam |
100 |
|
| 14)
Additional labs |
100 |
|
Surveillance
presentation: The Centers for Disease Control and Prevention publish
a weekly newsletter called Morbidity and Mortality Weekly Reports, which provides
information on infectious diseases in the US and abroad, and alerts health
professionals to changing situations.
(MMWR published the first information of the AIDS epidemic in June
1981.) This report is available in the Library,
and summaries of each week are available on the WEB at http://www.cdc.gov/epo/mmwr/mmwr.html#about
MMWR. International outbreaks of disease are reported by the World
Health Organization on the WEB. Check
the Disease Surveillance page for links. Outbreak and ProMED have regular
updates on new occurrences of diseases.
We will
follow the current status of infectious diseases by reporting each Wednesday
on new diseases, and/or on the content of the most recent MMWR. Each student, with one or two partners,
will be responsible for a 5-15 minute report one time during the semester.
The report should include either a poster or transparencies or powerpoint,
and should address the highlights of new information and their implications. ALL OF THE SOURCES YOU USE SHOULD BE CLEARLY CITED. PLEASE REFERENCE ALL TABLES, DIAGRAMS
AND PICTURES.
Critical
problems in Emerging Diseases
:
Each student with three partners, will research and develop a report
on a health crisis of global significance,
and present the findings
to the class. Each report
should take 15-20 minutes. Each
student should also turn in a 7 Ð10 page individual written paper about the
topic and develop a web page that can be posted on the class web page.
Wednesday, January 21
Introduction
Concepts of infectious disease
Microepidemiology and macroepidemiology;
The 2003-3004 Influenza season- how big and how bad?
Activity: Scale of the microbial worldHow big is
a bacterium? How big is a virus?
For
Friday, Read
And
THINKQUEST Hidden Killers: Deadly
Viruses on the web at http://library.thinkquest.org/23054/gather/index.shtml Read all of the pages under Virus
Basics and take notes.
For optional background, browse
The
American Experience | Influenza 1918
http://www.pbs.org/wgbh/amex/influenza/
The
Influenza Pandemic of 1918 by Molly
Billings, a student at Stanford University, 1997 http://www.stanford.edu/group/virus/uda/
Friday,
January 23
Video: Influenza
Could an outbreak like 1918 happen again?
What conditions would facilitate it?
What would curb it?
Work on math in Scale of Microbial World
For Monday,
read Treaner, John, Influenza Vaccine Ñ Outmaneuvering Antigenic Shift and Drift,
New England Journal of Medicine, Volume 350:218-220,January
15, 2004
Distributed
in class
Monday January 26
Discuss
influenza then and now. Discuss
viruses and what they do.
Also, begin
to look at bacteria (what is a bacterium and how is it different from a virus?
Follow
up with handout: The Web is your Microscope,
For
more information, check out web sites on
Cells
alive http://www.cellsalive.com
Microbial
Literacy Collaborative www.microbelibrary.org
Institute
for Molecular Virology http://www.virology.wisc.edu/IMV/
Virtual
Museum of Bacteria www.bacteriamuseum.org
All
the Virology of the World Wide Web http://www.virology.net/garryfavweb.html
Click
here to view Influenza Drifts and Shifts powerpoint slides
For Wednesday, read
Garrett,
Introduction and Chapter 1 and Reingold, Arthur L, Outbreak InvestigationsÑA Perspective,
Emerging Infectious Diseases, Vol
4 No 1, 1998
http://www.cdc.gov/ncidod/eid/vol4no1/reingold.htm
Wednesday,
January 28
Talk
about diseases and epidemiology: Machupo
First
MMWR report
Centers
for Disease Control and Prevention www.cdc.gov
Program
for Monitoring of Emerging Diseases www.promedmail.org
For Friday, January 30
Read Garrett, Chapter 2
And
read about Microbes on the web at www.microbe.org Follow all the links.
This
educational site, sponsored by the American Society for Microbiology, gives
correct information in a simple and entertaining way.
And
Bacteria in Sickness and in Health at http://www.qmw.ac.uk/~rhbm001/bactsick/bactsick.html
Friday,
January 30-
Health Transitions in an age of smallpox. Be prepared to respond to
statement: "Every problem seemed conquerable
in the decade following World War II." How did this affect strategies for disease control?
Discuss history and background of microbiology
How do you know about the causes of diseases
Review History of DNA, with notes
from Professor Donald Buckley, Quinnipac University
Read
about the Gram Stain at this website http://www.ncl.ac.uk/dental/oralbiol/oralenv/tutorials/gramstain.htm
Monday,
February 2
Gram
stain
Bacteria-
sizes and shapes and bacterial metabolism
Unseen
life on Earth, Video 3
For
Wednesday, read about DNA in handouts
Wednesday
February 4
Understanding DNA and bacteria
Video: Unseen Life on Earth, #4
Friday ,
Read Chapter 5 Yambuko We are skipping Chapter 3 and 4.
Read Hewlett BS, Amola RP. Cultural contexts of ebola in Northern
Uganda. Emerg Infect Dis [serial online] 2003 Oct Available from: URL: http://www.cdc.gov/ncidod/EID/vol9no10/02-0486.htm
Francesconi
P, Yoti Z, Declich S, Onek PA, Fabiani M, Olango J, et al. Ebola hemorrhagic
fever transmission and risk factors of contacts, Uganda. Emerg Infect Dis
[serial online] 2003 Nov Available from: URL: http://www.cdc.gov/ncidod/EID/vol9no11/03-0339.htm
Friday,
February 6
Discuss Ebola
Ebola video
Begin
to read Chapter 6, American Bicentennial in Garrett
Monday,
February 9
Compare
Ebola and influenza
Look
at clips from Outbreak
Why
do we love EBOLA?
Begin
Yogurt lab
Read
Chapter 6 American Bicentennial
Wednesday, February 11
Discuss
Swine flu and legionnaires disease
Discuss
establishment of infection- viruses and bacteria
MMWR
report
Read
in Six Modern Plagues, chapters about West nile virus and SARS
Evaluate
status of these diseases at the CDC website
Friday,
February 13
Discuss
new diseases- SARS and West Nile
Virus encephalitis
How
do diseases become more virulent?
How
have we responded?
Complete yogurt lab
Read
for Monday February 16 material about the human immune system. You can choose any of the microbiology
books on reserve or the Human
Biology books on reserve. This
is hard stuff.
Monday
February 16
Discuss
immune system. View Unseen Life
Video #11.
Read Chapter 7, NÕzara
Wednesday
February 18
MMWR
report
Disease
and development
Activity: Graphs and their interpretation Activity: Use JMP to analyze data regarding infant
mortality from Health of the
World's Children. What relationships can you find?
What questions do you have that are derived from the data you've just
looked at?
Read Farmer,
Paul, Social Inequalities and Emerging Infectious
Diseases, EID Vol 2 No 4:
http://www.cdc.gov/ncidod/eid/vol2no4/farmer.htm
Friday,
Feb 20- Disease and development-
What
is the impact of economic development in Third World on disease patterns?
What is relationship between economic development and measures of health?
Update
reading
Read
in 6 Modern Plagues the chapter on Salmonella and antibiotic resistance
Monday,
February 23
McNeill
and Dubos; prophets....
Video
Unseen Life #5
Genetics
of bacteria and its meaning
genetic
exchange powerpoint
For
Wednesday February 25, Read Chapter 8, Revolution
Read more about Genetics in
Human Bio textbooks.
Wednesday
February 25
MMWR report
Genetics and disease- the future is Biotechnology
Transformation activity
The future of biotechnology powerpoint
Read
Chapter 9, Microbe magnets
Friday
Feb 27
Discuss urbanization and disease
Read about Tuberculosis from the World
Health Organization at
http://www.who.int/health-topics/tb.htm
Monday
March 1
Activity: Handwashing lab
Discussion: Tuberculosis
Biological and social perspectiveson
Tuberculosis powerpoint
Wednesday
March 3
MMWR report
Review handwashing results
Take midterm exam
Friday
March 5 No class
Monday
March 15
bioterrorism
NOVA video and discussion/ quantitative risk analysis
PLEASE
START YOUR BOOK BY NOW.
Read
about Public
Health Assessment of Potential Biological Terrorism Agents at http://www.cdc.gov/ncidod/EID/vol8no2/01-0164.htm
Modeling
Potential Responses to smallpox as a Bioterrorist Weapon at http://www.cdc.gov/ncidod/EID/vol7no6/meltzer.htm
Wed
March 17
MMWR report
More discussion of Bioterrorism
Begin Transformation lab
Read about transformation, bioengineerinig
Friday
March 19
Transformation lab
student
report Can we Eradicate Infectious Disese
Read
Chapter 10, STDs. COLOR 80
Monday,
March 22
Why was social situation right for new ecology of disease
STDs , immune evasion and drug resistance
Read
Paul EwaldÕs article: ÒGuarding Against the Most Dangerous Emerging Pathogens:
Insights
from Evolutionary BiologyÓ in Emerging Infectious Disease, October- December
1996 at http://www.cdc.gov/ncidod/EID/vol2no4/ewald.htm
Wednesday
March 24
Mmwr
STD
student report
Start
Chapter 11 Hatari: Vinidogodogo about AIDS, pp 281-334
Friday
March 26
AIDS
Start to watch ÒAnd the Band Played onÓ
Complete: Chapter 11, pp 334-389
Read
about AIDS today at http://hopkins-aids.edu/publications/report/jan03_6.html
Thomas C. Quinn,.World AIDS Day: Reflections
on the Pandemic, Hopkins HIV Report, January 2003
Monday
March 29
AIDS prevention : Quarantine, drugs or vaccine
Activity: Simulation
Finish ÒAnd the Band Played onÓ
Read
Rosenberg, Charles, What is an epidemic? From Daedalus, 1989
Read
about biology of HIV, Johns Hopkins AIDS Service http://hopkins-aids.edu/hiv_lifecycle/hivcycle_txt.html and make sure to watch the animation!!
And
Read about vaccines at http://hopkins-aids.edu/publications/report/jan03_3.html
Chris
Beyrer M.D., M.P.H. ,The HIV/AIDS Vaccine Research Effort: An Update, Hopkins HIV Report, January 2003.
Wednesday
March 31
MMWR
report
Biology
of HIV
Is
HIV an epidemic?
Report: AIDS in Africa
Friday,
April 2
More
on AIDS
Report,
AIDS in Asia
For
Monday, April 5
Read
Chapter 12, Toxic Shock
Monday, April 5
Toxic
Shock
Reprise
immune system
Activity: Bacterial growth and metabolism
Read
Chapter 13
Wednesday, April 7
MMWR
Revenge
of the Germs
Continue,
growth
Ecology
or evolution article
Begin
Chapter 14
Also
Vanden Eng J, Marcus R,
Hadler JL, Imhoff B, Vugia DJ, Cieslak P, et al. Consumer attitudes and inappropriate
use of antibiotics. Emerg Infect Dis] 2003 Sept http://www.cdc.gov/ncidod/EID/vol9no9/02-0591.htm
Stratton CW . Dead bugs don't mutate: susceptibility
isues in the emergence of bacterial resistance. Emerg Infect Dis [serial online]
2003 Jan http://www.cdc.gov/ncidod/EID/vol9no1/02-0175.htm
Friday,
April9
Continue to discuss revenge of the germs
Presentation:
Antibiotics and nosocomial disease
Continue
Chapter 14 Thirdworldization
Monday,
April 12
What are strategies that viruses and bacteria use to develop resistance
TB/ resistance lab
Read
in 6 plagues: Mad Cow and updates
from MMWR
Wednesday,
April 14
MMWR report
Mad
cows and foot and mouth and other strange diseases.
Mad cow video.
Friday,
April 16
Catch up
Student report: Food borne
diseases
YOU
SHOULD BE FINISHED YOUR BOOK NOW.
Monday,
April 19 Book
seminar 1. You should be finished
your book by now.
Develop questions and themes to explore from the book that you read
Wednesday,
April 21 spring day
Read
Chapter 15 Hanta virus and Hanta in 6 plagues
Friday,
April 23
Start biodiversity lab :
Monday,
April 26 Global warming and biodiversity
Hanta virus discussion
Hanta virus related activities, video
Read
Chapter 17 Solutions
Wednesday,
April 28 Disease prevention and disease surveillance
MMWR
Read
about global warming and disease:
ÒGlobal
Climate Change and Infectious DiseasesÓ
by R. Colwell,et al, July-September 1998 at http://www.cdc.gov/ncidod/eid/vol4no3/colwell.htm
Rachels
Health and Environment Newsletter on Global Warming http://www.igc.org/awea/wew/othersources/rachel466.html
http://www.igc.org/awea/wew/othersources/rachel467.html
To go
really in depth, read the National Academy of Sciences 1999 book, Monsoons
to Microbes, online at http://books.nap.edu/books/0309065690/html/43.html#pagetop (This starts you on the page for infectious
diseases.
Friday,
April 30
Report: Dengue report
Monday
May 3
Summaries and solutions
Book presentations
Wednesday,
May 5 Book
presentations,
MMWR,
Final
exam